Add option to configure to download system files from Nintendo Update Service (#6269)

Co-authored-by: B3n30 <benediktthomas@gmail.com>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ if (ENABLE_QT)
         set(QT_PREFIX_HINT)
     endif()
 
-    find_package(Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets Multimedia ${QT_PREFIX_HINT})
+    find_package(Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets Multimedia Concurrent ${QT_PREFIX_HINT})
 
     if (ENABLE_QT_TRANSLATION)
         find_package(Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS LinguistTools ${QT_PREFIX_HINT})

src/citra_qt/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ endif()
 create_target_directory_groups(citra-qt)
 
 target_link_libraries(citra-qt PRIVATE audio_core common core input_common network video_core)
-target_link_libraries(citra-qt PRIVATE Boost::boost glad nihstro-headers Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Multimedia)
+target_link_libraries(citra-qt PRIVATE Boost::boost glad nihstro-headers Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Multimedia Qt5::Concurrent)
 target_link_libraries(citra-qt PRIVATE ${PLATFORM_LIBRARIES} Threads::Threads)
 
 target_compile_definitions(citra-qt PRIVATE

src/citra_qt/configuration/configure_system.cpp

@@ -3,14 +3,22 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <cstring>
+#include <QFutureWatcher>
 #include <QMessageBox>
+#include <QProgressDialog>
+#include <QtConcurrent/QtConcurrentMap>
 #include "citra_qt/configuration/configuration_shared.h"
 #include "citra_qt/configuration/configure_system.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/am.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cfg/cfg.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ptm/ptm.h"
+#include "core/hw/aes/key.h"
 #include "ui_configure_system.h"
+#ifdef ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE
+#include "web_service/nus_titles.h"
+#endif
 
 static const std::array<int, 12> days_in_month = {{
     31,
@@ -239,6 +247,8 @@ ConfigureSystem::ConfigureSystem(QWidget* parent)
             &ConfigureSystem::UpdateInitTime);
     connect(ui->button_regenerate_console_id, &QPushButton::clicked, this,
             &ConfigureSystem::RefreshConsoleID);
+    connect(ui->button_start_download, &QPushButton::clicked, this,
+            &ConfigureSystem::DownloadFromNUS);
     for (u8 i = 0; i < country_names.size(); i++) {
         if (std::strcmp(country_names.at(i), "") != 0) {
             ui->combo_country->addItem(tr(country_names.at(i)), i);
@@ -257,6 +267,30 @@ ConfigureSystem::ConfigureSystem(QWidget* parent)
     ui->clock_speed_combo->setVisible(!Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal());
 
     SetupPerGameUI();
+
+    ui->combo_download_mode->setCurrentIndex(1); // set to Recommended
+    bool keys_available = true;
+    HW::AES::InitKeys(true);
+    for (u8 i = 0; i < HW::AES::MaxCommonKeySlot; i++) {
+        HW::AES::SelectCommonKeyIndex(i);
+        if (!HW::AES::IsNormalKeyAvailable(HW::AES::KeySlotID::TicketCommonKey)) {
+            keys_available = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (keys_available) {
+        ui->button_start_download->setEnabled(true);
+        ui->combo_download_mode->setEnabled(true);
+        ui->label_nus_download->setText(tr("Download System Files from Nintendo servers"));
+    } else {
+        ui->button_start_download->setEnabled(false);
+        ui->combo_download_mode->setEnabled(false);
+        ui->label_nus_download->setText(
+            tr("Citra is missing keys to download system files. <br><a "
+               "href='https://citra-emu.org/wiki/aes-keys/'><span style=\"text-decoration: "
+               "underline; color:#039be5;\">How to get keys?</span></a>"));
+    }
+
     ConfigureTime();
 }
 
@@ -542,3 +576,44 @@ void ConfigureSystem::SetupPerGameUI() {
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->toggle_new_3ds, Settings::values.is_new_3ds,
                                             is_new_3ds);
 }
+
+void ConfigureSystem::DownloadFromNUS() {
+#ifdef ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE
+    ui->button_start_download->setEnabled(false);
+
+    const auto mode = static_cast<Title::Mode>(ui->combo_download_mode->currentIndex());
+    const std::vector<u64> titles = BuildFirmwareTitleList(mode, cfg->GetRegionValue());
+
+    QProgressDialog progress(tr("Downloading files..."), tr("Cancel"), 0,
+                             static_cast<int>(titles.size()), this);
+    progress.setWindowModality(Qt::WindowModal);
+
+    QFutureWatcher<void> future_watcher;
+    QObject::connect(&future_watcher, &QFutureWatcher<void>::finished, &progress,
+                     &QProgressDialog::reset);
+    QObject::connect(&progress, &QProgressDialog::canceled, &future_watcher,
+                     &QFutureWatcher<void>::cancel);
+    QObject::connect(&future_watcher, &QFutureWatcher<void>::progressValueChanged, &progress,
+                     &QProgressDialog::setValue);
+
+    auto failed = false;
+    const auto download_title = [&future_watcher, &failed](const u64& title_id) {
+        if (Service::AM::InstallFromNus(title_id) != Service::AM::InstallStatus::Success) {
+            failed = true;
+            future_watcher.cancel();
+        }
+    };
+
+    future_watcher.setFuture(QtConcurrent::map(titles, download_title));
+    progress.exec();
+    future_watcher.waitForFinished();
+
+    if (failed) {
+        QMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Citra"), tr("Downloading system files failed."));
+    } else if (!future_watcher.isCanceled()) {
+        QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Citra"), tr("Successfully downloaded system files."));
+    }
+
+    ui->button_start_download->setEnabled(true);
+#endif
+}

src/citra_qt/configuration/configure_system.h

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ private:
 
     void SetupPerGameUI();
 
+    void DownloadFromNUS();
+
     ConfigurationShared::CheckState is_new_3ds;
     std::unique_ptr<Ui::ConfigureSystem> ui;
     bool enabled = false;

src/citra_qt/configuration/configure_system.ui

@@ -361,6 +361,52 @@
             </property>
           </widget>
         </item>
+        <item row="15" column="0">
+         <widget class="QLabel" name="label_nus_download">
+          <property name="text">
+           <string>Download System Files from Nitendo servers</string>
+          </property>
+         </widget>
+        </item>
+        <item row="15" column="1">
+         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_nus_download">
+          <item>
+           <widget class="QComboBox" name="combo_download_mode">
+            <item>
+             <property name="text">
+              <string>All</string>
+             </property>
+            </item>
+            <item>
+             <property name="text">
+              <string>Recommended</string>
+             </property>
+            </item>
+            <item>
+             <property name="text">
+              <string>Minimal</string>
+             </property>
+            </item>
+           </widget>
+          </item>
+          <item>
+           <widget class="QPushButton" name="button_start_download">
+            <property name="sizePolicy">
+             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Fixed" vsizetype="Fixed">
+              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
+              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
+             </sizepolicy>
+            </property>
+            <property name="layoutDirection">
+             <enum>Qt::RightToLeft</enum>
+            </property>
+            <property name="text">
+             <string>Download</string>
+            </property>
+           </widget>
+          </item>
+         </layout>
+        </item>
        </layout>
       </widget>
      </item>

src/citra_qt/main.cpp

@@ -1920,6 +1920,7 @@ void GMainWindow::OnLoadState() {
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::OnConfigure() {
+    game_list->SetDirectoryWatcherEnabled(false);
     Settings::SetConfiguringGlobal(true);
     ConfigureDialog configureDialog(this, hotkey_registry,
                                     !multiplayer_state->IsHostingPublicRoom());
@@ -1931,6 +1932,7 @@ void GMainWindow::OnConfigure() {
     const auto old_touch_from_button_maps = Settings::values.touch_from_button_maps;
     const bool old_discord_presence = UISettings::values.enable_discord_presence.GetValue();
     auto result = configureDialog.exec();
+    game_list->SetDirectoryWatcherEnabled(true);
     if (result == QDialog::Accepted) {
         configureDialog.ApplyConfiguration();
         InitializeHotkeys();

src/core/file_sys/cia_container.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-constexpr u32 CIA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT = 0x40;
-
 Loader::ResultStatus CIAContainer::Load(const FileBackend& backend) {
     std::vector<u8> header_data(sizeof(Header));
 

src/core/file_sys/cia_container.h

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ constexpr std::size_t CIA_CONTENT_BITS_SIZE = (CIA_CONTENT_MAX_COUNT / 8);
 constexpr std::size_t CIA_HEADER_SIZE = 0x2020;
 constexpr std::size_t CIA_DEPENDENCY_SIZE = 0x300;
 constexpr std::size_t CIA_METADATA_SIZE = 0x400;
+constexpr u32 CIA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT = 0x40;
 
 /**
  * Helper which implements an interface to read and write CTR Installable Archive (CIA) files.
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@ public:
 
     void Print() const;
 
-private:
     struct Header {
         u32_le header_size;
         u16_le type;
@@ -87,10 +87,14 @@ private:
             // The bits in the content index are arranged w/ index 0 as the MSB, 7 as the LSB, etc.
             return (content_present[index >> 3] & (0x80 >> (index & 7))) != 0;
         }
+        void SetContentPresent(u16 index) {
+            content_present[index >> 3] |= (0x80 >> (index & 7));
+        }
     };
 
     static_assert(sizeof(Header) == CIA_HEADER_SIZE, "CIA Header structure size is wrong");
 
+private:
     struct Metadata {
         std::array<u64_le, 0x30> dependencies;
         std::array<u8, 0x180> reserved;

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <cryptopp/aes.h>
 #include <cryptopp/modes.h>
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+#include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/common_paths.h"
 #include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/fs/fs_user.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/loader/smdh.h"
+#ifdef ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE
+#include "web_service/nus_download.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
@@ -138,6 +142,8 @@ ResultCode CIAFile::WriteTitleMetadata() {
             decryption_state->content[i].SetKeyWithIV(title_key->data(), title_key->size(),
                                                       ctr.data());
         }
+    } else {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Can't get title key from ticket");
     }
 
     install_state = CIAInstallState::TMDLoaded;
@@ -180,6 +186,11 @@ ResultVal<std::size_t> CIAFile::WriteContentData(u64 offset, std::size_t length,
                                  buffer + (range_min - offset) + available_to_write);
 
             if ((tmd.GetContentTypeByIndex(i) & FileSys::TMDContentTypeFlag::Encrypted) != 0) {
+                if (decryption_state->content.size() <= i) {
+                    // TODO: There is probably no correct error to return here. What error should be
+                    // returned?
+                    return FileSys::ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_SPACE;
+                }
                 decryption_state->content[i].ProcessData(temp.data(), temp.data(), temp.size());
             }
 
@@ -235,7 +246,7 @@ ResultVal<std::size_t> CIAFile::Write(u64 offset, std::size_t length, bool flush
         std::size_t buf_offset = buf_loaded - offset;
         std::size_t buf_copy_size =
             std::min(length, static_cast<std::size_t>(container.GetContentOffset() - offset)) -
-            buf_loaded;
+            buf_offset;
         std::size_t buf_max_size = std::min(offset + length, container.GetContentOffset());
         data.resize(buf_max_size);
         memcpy(data.data() + copy_offset, buffer + buf_offset, buf_copy_size);
@@ -418,6 +429,99 @@ InstallStatus InstallCIA(const std::string& path,
     return InstallStatus::ErrorInvalid;
 }
 
+InstallStatus InstallFromNus(u64 title_id, int version) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "Downloading {:X}", title_id);
+
+    CIAFile install_file{GetTitleMediaType(title_id)};
+
+    std::string path = fmt::format("/ccs/download/{:016X}/tmd", title_id);
+    if (version != -1) {
+        path += fmt::format(".{}", version);
+    }
+    auto tmd_response = WebService::NUS::Download(path);
+    if (!tmd_response) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Failed to download tmd for {:016X}", title_id);
+        return InstallStatus::ErrorFileNotFound;
+    }
+    FileSys::TitleMetadata tmd;
+    tmd.Load(*tmd_response);
+
+    path = fmt::format("/ccs/download/{:016X}/cetk", title_id);
+    auto cetk_response = WebService::NUS::Download(path);
+    if (!cetk_response) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Failed to download cetk for {:016X}", title_id);
+        return InstallStatus::ErrorFileNotFound;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<u8> content;
+    const auto content_count = tmd.GetContentCount();
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < content_count; ++i) {
+        const std::string filename = fmt::format("{:08x}", tmd.GetContentIDByIndex(i));
+        path = fmt::format("/ccs/download/{:016X}/{}", title_id, filename);
+        const auto temp_response = WebService::NUS::Download(path);
+        if (!temp_response) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Failed to download content for {:016X}", title_id);
+            return InstallStatus::ErrorFileNotFound;
+        }
+        content.insert(content.end(), temp_response->begin(), temp_response->end());
+    }
+
+    FileSys::CIAContainer::Header fake_header{
+        .header_size = sizeof(FileSys::CIAContainer::Header),
+        .type = 0,
+        .version = 0,
+        .cert_size = 0,
+        .tik_size = static_cast<u32_le>(cetk_response->size()),
+        .tmd_size = static_cast<u32_le>(tmd_response->size()),
+        .meta_size = 0,
+    };
+    for (u16 i = 0; i < content_count; ++i) {
+        fake_header.SetContentPresent(i);
+    }
+    std::vector<u8> header_data(sizeof(fake_header));
+    std::memcpy(header_data.data(), &fake_header, sizeof(fake_header));
+
+    std::size_t current_offset = 0;
+    const auto write_to_cia_file_aligned = [&install_file, &current_offset](std::vector<u8>& data) {
+        const u64 offset =
+            Common::AlignUp(current_offset + data.size(), FileSys::CIA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT);
+        data.resize(offset - current_offset, 0);
+        const auto result = install_file.Write(current_offset, data.size(), true, data.data());
+        if (result.Failed()) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "CIA file installation aborted with error code {:08x}",
+                      result.Code().raw);
+            return InstallStatus::ErrorAborted;
+        }
+        current_offset += data.size();
+        return InstallStatus::Success;
+    };
+
+    auto result = write_to_cia_file_aligned(header_data);
+    if (result != InstallStatus::Success) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = write_to_cia_file_aligned(*cetk_response);
+    if (result != InstallStatus::Success) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = write_to_cia_file_aligned(*tmd_response);
+    if (result != InstallStatus::Success) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    result = write_to_cia_file_aligned(content);
+    if (result != InstallStatus::Success) {
+        return result;
+    }
+    return InstallStatus::Success;
+#else
+    return InstallStatus::ErrorFileNotFound;
+#endif
+}
+
 Service::FS::MediaType GetTitleMediaType(u64 titleId) {
     u16 platform = static_cast<u16>(titleId >> 48);
     u16 category = static_cast<u16>((titleId >> 32) & 0xFFFF);

src/core/hle/service/am/am.h

@@ -110,6 +110,13 @@ private:
 InstallStatus InstallCIA(const std::string& path,
                          std::function<ProgressCallback>&& update_callback = nullptr);
 
+/**
+ * Downloads and installs title form the Nintendo Update Service.
+ * @param title_id the title_id to download
+ * @returns  whether the install was successful or error code
+ */
+InstallStatus InstallFromNus(u64 title_id, int version = -1);
+
 /**
  * Get the mediatype for an installed title
  * @param titleId the installed title ID

src/core/hw/aes/key.cpp

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct KeySlot {
 };
 
 std::array<KeySlot, KeySlotID::MaxKeySlotID> key_slots;
-std::array<std::optional<AESKey>, 6> common_key_y_slots;
+std::array<std::optional<AESKey>, MaxCommonKeySlot> common_key_y_slots;
 
 enum class FirmwareType : u32 {
     ARM9 = 0,  // uses NDMA
@@ -494,9 +494,9 @@ void LoadPresetKeys() {
 
 } // namespace
 
-void InitKeys() {
+void InitKeys(bool force) {
     static bool initialized = false;
-    if (initialized)
+    if (initialized && !force)
         return;
     initialized = true;
     HW::RSA::InitSlots();

src/core/hw/aes/key.h

@@ -48,11 +48,13 @@ enum KeySlotID : std::size_t {
     MaxKeySlotID = 0x40,
 };
 
+constexpr std::size_t MaxCommonKeySlot = 6;
+
 constexpr std::size_t AES_BLOCK_SIZE = 16;
 
 using AESKey = std::array<u8, AES_BLOCK_SIZE>;
 
-void InitKeys();
+void InitKeys(bool force = false);
 
 void SetGeneratorConstant(const AESKey& key);
 void SetKeyX(std::size_t slot_id, const AESKey& key);

src/web_service/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 add_library(web_service STATIC
     announce_room_json.cpp
     announce_room_json.h
+    nus_download.cpp
+    nus_download.h
+    nus_titles.h
     precompiled_headers.h
     telemetry_json.cpp
     telemetry_json.h

src/web_service/nus_download.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2020 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "web_service/nus_download.h"
+
+namespace WebService::NUS {
+
+std::optional<std::vector<u8>> Download(const std::string& path) {
+    constexpr auto HOST = "http://nus.cdn.c.shop.nintendowifi.net";
+
+    std::unique_ptr<httplib::Client> client = std::make_unique<httplib::Client>(HOST);
+    if (client == nullptr) {
+        LOG_ERROR(WebService, "Invalid URL {}{}", HOST, path);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    httplib::Request request{
+        .method = "GET",
+        .path = path,
+    };
+
+    client->set_follow_location(true);
+    const auto result = client->send(request);
+    if (!result) {
+        LOG_ERROR(WebService, "GET to {}{} returned null", HOST, path);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const auto& response = result.value();
+    if (response.status >= 400) {
+        LOG_ERROR(WebService, "GET to {}{} returned error status code: {}", HOST, path,
+                  response.status);
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (!response.headers.contains("content-type")) {
+        LOG_ERROR(WebService, "GET to {}{} returned no content", HOST, path);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    return std::vector<u8>(response.body.begin(), response.body.end());
+}
+
+} // namespace WebService::NUS

src/web_service/nus_download.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2020 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace WebService::NUS {
+
+std::optional<std::vector<u8>> Download(const std::string& path);
+
+}

src/web_service/nus_titles.h

@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_FIRMWARE_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x00040138;
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x00040010;
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x0004001B;
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x00040030;
+constexpr u32 SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x0004009B;
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x000400DB;
+constexpr u32 SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID = 0x00040130;
+
+struct Title {
+    enum Mode { All, Recommended, Minimal };
+    std::string name;
+    u32 upper_title_id;
+    std::array<u32, 6> lower_title_id;
+    Mode mode = Mode::All;
+};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 9> SYSTEM_FIRMWARE = {
+    {{"Safe Mode Native Firmware",
+      SYSTEM_FIRMWARE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00000003, 0x00000003, 0x00000003, 0x00000003, 0x00000003, 0x00000003}},
+      Title::Mode::Minimal},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode Native Firmware",
+      SYSTEM_FIRMWARE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20000003, 0x20000003, 0x20000003, 0x20000003, 0x20000003, 0x20000003}},
+      Title::Mode::Minimal},
+     {"Native Firmware",
+      SYSTEM_FIRMWARE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00000002, 0x00000002, 0x00000002, 0x00000002, 0x00000002, 0x00000002}},
+      Title::Mode::Minimal},
+     {"New_3DS Native Firmware",
+      SYSTEM_FIRMWARE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20000002, 0x20000002, 0x20000002, 0x20000002, 0x20000002, 0x20000002}},
+      Title::Mode::Minimal}}};
+static const std::array<Title, 17> SYSTEM_APPLICATIONS = {
+    {{"System Settings",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020000, 0x00021000, 0x00022000, 0x00026000, 0x00027000, 0x00028000}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Download Play",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020100, 0x00021100, 0x00022100, 0x00026100, 0x00027100, 0x00028100}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Activity Log",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020200, 0x00021200, 0x00022200, 0x00026200, 0x00027200, 0x00028200}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Health and Safety Information",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020300, 0x00021300, 0x00022300, 0x00026300, 0x00027300, 0x00028300}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Health and Safety Information",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20020300, 0x20021300, 0x20022300, 0x0, 0x20027300, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Nintendo 3DS Camera",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020400, 0x00021400, 0x00022400, 0x00026400, 0x00027400, 0x00028400}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Nintendo 3DS Sound",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020500, 0x00021500, 0x00022500, 0x00026500, 0x00027500, 0x00028500}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Mii Maker",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020700, 0x00021700, 0x00022700, 0x00026700, 0x00027700, 0x00028700}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"StreetPass Mii Plaza",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020800, 0x00021800, 0x00022800, 0x00026800, 0x00027800, 0x00028800}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"eShop",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020900, 0x00021900, 0x00022900, 0x0, 0x00027900, 0x00028900}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"System Transfer",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020A00, 0x00021A00, 0x00022A00, 0x0, 0x00027A00, 0x00028A00}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Nintendo Zone",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020B00, 0x00021B00, 0x00022B00, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Face Raiders",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020D00, 0x00021D00, 0x00022D00, 0x00026D00, 0x00027D00, 0x00028D00}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Face Raiders",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20020D00, 0x20021D00, 0x20022D00, 0x0, 0x20027D00, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"AR Games",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00020E00, 0x00021E00, 0x00022E00, 0x00026E00, 0x00027E00, 0x00028E00}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Nintendo Network ID Settings",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0002BF00, 0x0002C000, 0x0002C100, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"microSD Management",
+      SYSTEM_APPLICATION_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20023100, 0x20024100, 0x20025100, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 7> SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES = {
+    {{"ClCertA",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010002, 0x00010002, 0x00010002, 0x00010002, 0x00010002, 0x00010002}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"NS CFA",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010702, 0x00010702, 0x00010702, 0x00010702, 0x00010702, 0x00010702}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"dummy.txt",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010802, 0x00010802, 0x00010802, 0x00010802, 0x00010802, 0x00010802}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"CFA web-browser data",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00018002, 0x00018002, 0x00018002, 0x00018002, 0x00018002, 0x00018002}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"local web-browser data",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00018102, 0x00018102, 0x00018102, 0x00018102, 0x00018102, 0x00018102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"webkit/OSS CROs",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00018202, 0x00018202, 0x00018202, 0x00018202, 0x00018202, 0x00018202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Fangate_updater",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00019002, 0x00019002, 0x00019002, 0x00019002, 0x00019002, 0x00019002}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 27> SYSTEM_APPLETS = {
+    {{"Home Menu",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008202, 0x00008F02, 0x00009802, 0x0000A102, 0x0000A902, 0x0000B102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Camera applet",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008402, 0x00009002, 0x00009902, 0x0000A202, 0x0000AA02, 0x0000B202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Instruction Manual",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008602, 0x00009202, 0x00009B02, 0x0000A402, 0x0000AC02, 0x0000B402}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Game Notes",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008702, 0x00009302, 0x00009C02, 0x0000A502, 0x0000AD02, 0x0000B502}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Internet Browser",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008802, 0x00009402, 0x00009D02, 0x0000A602, 0x0000AE02, 0x0000B602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New 3DS Internet Browser",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20008802, 0x20009402, 0x20009D02, 0x0, 0x2000AE02, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Fatal error viewer",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008A02, 0x00008A02, 0x00008A02, 0x00008A02, 0x00008A02, 0x00008A02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode Fatal error viewer",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008A03, 0x00008A03, 0x00008A03, 0x00008A03, 0x00008A03, 0x00008A03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New 3DS Safe Mode Fatal error viewer",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20008A03, 0x20008A03, 0x20008A03, 0x0, 0x20008A03, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Friend List",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008D02, 0x00009602, 0x00009F02, 0x0000A702, 0x0000AF02, 0x0000B702}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Notifications",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008E02, 0x000009702, 0x0000A002, 0x0000A802, 0x0000B002, 0x0000B802}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Software Keyboard",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00000C002, 0x0000C802, 0x0000D002, 0x0000D802, 0x0000DE02, 0x0000E402}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Safe Mode Software Keyboard",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00000C003, 0x0000C803, 0x0000D003, 0x0000D803, 0x0000DE03, 0x0000E403}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New 3DS Safe Mode Software Keyboard",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x2000C003, 0x2000C803, 0x2000D003, 0x0, 0x2000DE03, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Mii picker",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C102, 0x0000C902, 0x0000D102, 0x0000D902, 0x0000DF02, 0x0000E502}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Picture picker",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C302, 0x0000CB02, 0x0000D302, 0x0000DB02, 0x0000E102, 0x0000E702}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Voice memo picker",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C402, 0x0000CC02, 0x0000D402, 0x0000DC02, 0x0000E202, 0x0000E802}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Error display",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C502, 0x0000C502, 0x0000C502, 0x0000CF02, 0x0000CF02, 0x0000CF02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe mode error display",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C503, 0x0000C503, 0x0000C503, 0x0000CF03, 0x0000CF03, 0x0000CF03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New 3DS safe mode error display",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x2000C503, 0x2000C503, 0x2000C503, 0x0, 0x2000CF03, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Circle Pad Pro test/calibration applet",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000CD02, 0x0000CD02, 0x0000CD02, 0x0000D502, 0x0000D502, 0x0000D502}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"eShop applet",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000C602, 0x0000CE02, 0x0000D602, 0x0, 0x0000E302, 0x0000E902}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"Miiverse",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000BC02, 0x0000BC02, 0x0000BC02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Miiverse system library",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0000F602, 0x0000F602, 0x0000F602, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Miiverse-posting applet",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008302, 0x00008B02, 0x0000BA02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Amiibo Settings",
+      SYSTEM_APPLET_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00009502, 0x00009E02, 0x0000B902, 0x0, 0x00008C02, 0x0000BF02}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 25> SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVES = {
+    {{"CFL_Res.dat",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010202, 0x00010202, 0x00010202, 0x00010202, 0x00010202, 0x00010202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Region Manifest",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010402, 0x00010402, 0x00010402, 0x00010402, 0x00010402, 0x00010402}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Non-Nintendo TLS Root-CA Certificates",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010602, 0x00010602, 0x00010602, 0x00010602, 0x00010602, 0x00010602}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"CHN/CN Dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00011002, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"TWN/TN dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00011102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NL/NL dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011202, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"EN/GB dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011302, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"EN/US dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x00011402, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"FR/FR/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011502, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"FR/CA/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x00011602, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"DE/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011702, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"IT/IT dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011802, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"JA_small/32 dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00011902, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"KO/KO dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00011A02, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"PT/PT/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011B02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"RU/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x0, 0x00011C02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"ES/ES dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x00011D02, 0x00011D02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"PT/BR/regular dictionary",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x0, 0x00011E02, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"error strings",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00012202, 0x00012302, 0x00012102, 0x00012402, 0x00012502, 0x00012602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"eula",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00013202, 0x00013302, 0x00013102, 0x00013502, 0x0, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"JPN/EUR/USA System Font",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00014002, 0x00014002, 0x00014002, 0x00014002, 0x00014002, 0x00014002}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"CHN System Font",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00014102, 0x00014102, 0x00014102, 0x00014102, 0x00014102, 0x00014102}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"KOR System Font",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00014202, 0x00014202, 0x00014202, 0x00014202, 0x00014202, 0x00014202}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"TWN System Font",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00014302, 0x00014302, 0x00014302, 0x00014302, 0x00014302, 0x00014302}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"rate",
+      SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00015202, 0x00015302, 0x00015102, 0x0, 0x0015502, 0x00015602}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 5> SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES_2 = {
+    {{"bad word list",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010302, 0x00010302, 0x00010302, 0x00010302, 0x00010302, 0x00010302}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Nintendo Zone hotspot list",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00010502, 0x00010502, 0x00010502, 0x00010502, 0x00010502, 0x00010502}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NVer",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00016102, 0x00016202, 0x00016302, 0x00016402, 0x00016502, 0x00016602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS NVer",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20016102, 0x20016202, 0x20016302, 0x0, 0x20016502, 0x0}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"CVer",
+      SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVE_2_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00017102, 0x00017202, 0x00017302, 0x00017402, 0x00017502, 0x00017602}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+static const std::array<Title, 100> SYSTEM_MODULES = {
+    {{"AM ( Application Manager )",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001502, 0x00001502, 0x00001502, 0x00001502, 0x00001502, 0x00001502}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode AM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001503, 0x00001503, 0x00001503, 0x00001503, 0x00001503, 0x00001503}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode AM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001503, 0x20001503, 0x20001503, 0x20001503, 0x20001503, 0x20001503}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Camera",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001602, 0x00001602, 0x00001602, 0x00001602, 0x00001602, 0x00001602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Camera",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001602, 0x20001602, 0x20001602, 0x20001602, 0x20001602, 0x20001602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Config (cfg)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001702, 0x00001702, 0x00001702, 0x00001702, 0x00001702, 0x00001702}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode Config (cfg)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001703, 0x00001703, 0x00001703, 0x00001703, 0x00001703, 0x00001703}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode Config (cfg)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001703, 0x20001703, 0x20001703, 0x20001703, 0x20001703, 0x20001703}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Codec",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001802, 0x00001802, 0x00001802, 0x00001802, 0x00001802, 0x00001802}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode Codec",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001803, 0x00001803, 0x00001803, 0x00001803, 0x00001803, 0x00001803}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode Codec",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001803, 0x20001803, 0x20001803, 0x20001803, 0x20001803, 0x20001803}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"DSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001A02, 0x00001A02, 0x00001A02, 0x00001A02, 0x00001A02, 0x00001A02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode DSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001A03, 0x00001A03, 0x00001A03, 0x00001A03, 0x00001A03, 0x00001A03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode DSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001A03, 0x20001A03, 0x20001A03, 0x20001A03, 0x20001A03, 0x20001A03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"GPIO",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001B02, 0x00001B02, 0x00001B02, 0x00001B02, 0x00001B02, 0x00001B02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode GPIO",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001B03, 0x00001B03, 0x00001B03, 0x00001B03, 0x00001B03, 0x00001B03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode GPIO",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001B03, 0x20001B03, 0x20001B03, 0x20001B03, 0x20001B03, 0x20001B03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"GSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001C02, 0x00001C02, 0x00001C02, 0x00001C02, 0x00001C02, 0x00001C02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS GSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001C02, 0x20001C02, 0x20001C02, 0x20001C02, 0x20001C02, 0x20001C02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode GSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001C03, 0x00001C03, 0x00001C03, 0x00001C03, 0x00001C03, 0x00001C03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode GSP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001C03, 0x20001C03, 0x20001C03, 0x20001C03, 0x20001C03, 0x20001C03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"HID (Human Interface Devices)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001D02, 0x00001D02, 0x00001D02, 0x00001D02, 0x00001D02, 0x00001D02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode HID",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001D03, 0x00001D03, 0x00001D03, 0x00001D03, 0x00001D03, 0x00001D03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode HID",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001D03, 0x20001D03, 0x20001D03, 0x20001D03, 0x20001D03, 0x20001D03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"i2c",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001E02, 0x00001E02, 0x00001E02, 0x00001E02, 0x00001E02, 0x00001E02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS i2c",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001E02, 0x20001E02, 0x20001E02, 0x20001E02, 0x20001E02, 0x20001E02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode i2c",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001E03, 0x00001E03, 0x00001E03, 0x00001E03, 0x00001E03, 0x00001E03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode i2c",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001E03, 0x20001E03, 0x20001E03, 0x20001E03, 0x20001E03, 0x20001E03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"MCU",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001F02, 0x00001F02, 0x00001F02, 0x00001F02, 0x00001F02, 0x00001F02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS MCU",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001F02, 0x20001F02, 0x20001F02, 0x20001F02, 0x20001F02, 0x20001F02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode MCU",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00001F03, 0x00001F03, 0x00001F03, 0x00001F03, 0x00001F03, 0x00001F03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode MCU",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20001F03, 0x20001F03, 0x20001F03, 0x20001F03, 0x20001F03, 0x20001F03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"MIC (Microphone)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002002, 0x00002002, 0x00002002, 0x00002002, 0x00002002, 0x00002002}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"PDN",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002102, 0x00002102, 0x00002102, 0x00002102, 0x00002102, 0x00002102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode PDN",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002103, 0x00002103, 0x00002103, 0x00002103, 0x00002103, 0x00002103}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode PDN",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002103, 0x20002103, 0x20002103, 0x20002103, 0x20002103, 0x20002103}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"PTM (Play time, pedometer, and battery manager)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002202, 0x00002202, 0x00002202, 0x00002202, 0x00002202, 0x00002202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS PTM (Play time, pedometer, and battery manager)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002202, 0x20002202, 0x20002202, 0x20002202, 0x20002202, 0x20002202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode PTM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002203, 0x00002203, 0x00002203, 0x00002203, 0x00002203, 0x00002203}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode PTM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002203, 0x20002203, 0x20002203, 0x20002203, 0x20002203, 0x20002203}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"spi",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002302, 0x00002302, 0x00002302, 0x00002302, 0x00002302, 0x00002302}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS spi",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002302, 0x20002302, 0x20002302, 0x20002302, 0x20002302, 0x20002302}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode spi",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002303, 0x00002303, 0x00002303, 0x00002303, 0x00002303, 0x00002303}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode spi",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002303, 0x20002303, 0x20002303, 0x20002303, 0x20002303, 0x20002303}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"AC (Network manager)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002402, 0x00002402, 0x00002402, 0x00002402, 0x00002402, 0x00002402}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode AC",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002403, 0x00002403, 0x00002403, 0x00002403, 0x00002403, 0x00002403}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode AC",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002403, 0x20002403, 0x20002403, 0x20002403, 0x20002403, 0x20002403}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Cecd (StreetPass)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002602, 0x00002602, 0x00002602, 0x00002602, 0x00002602, 0x00002602}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"CSND",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002702, 0x00002702, 0x00002702, 0x00002702, 0x00002702, 0x00002702}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode CSND",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002703, 0x00002703, 0x00002703, 0x00002703, 0x00002703, 0x00002703}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode CSND",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002703, 0x20002703, 0x20002703, 0x20002703, 0x20002703, 0x20002703}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"DLP (Download Play)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002802, 0x00002802, 0x00002802, 0x00002802, 0x00002802, 0x00002802}},
+      Title::Mode::Recommended},
+     {"HTTP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002902, 0x00002902, 0x00002902, 0x00002902, 0x00002902, 0x00002902}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode HTTP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002903, 0x00002903, 0x00002903, 0x00002903, 0x00002903, 0x00002903}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode HTTP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002903, 0x20002903, 0x20002903, 0x20002903, 0x20002903, 0x20002903}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"MP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002A02, 0x00002A02, 0x00002A02, 0x00002A02, 0x00002A02, 0x00002A02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode MP",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002A03, 0x00002A03, 0x00002A03, 0x00002A03, 0x00002A03, 0x00002A03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NDM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002B02, 0x00002B02, 0x00002B02, 0x00002B02, 0x00002B02, 0x00002B02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NIM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002C02, 0x00002C02, 0x00002C02, 0x00002C02, 0x00002C02, 0x00002C02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode NIM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002C03, 0x00002C03, 0x00002C03, 0x00002C03, 0x00002C03, 0x00002C03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode NIM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002C03, 0x20002C03, 0x20002C03, 0x20002C03, 0x20002C03, 0x20002C03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NWM ( Low-level wifi manager )",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002D02, 0x00002D02, 0x00002D02, 0x00002D02, 0x00002D02, 0x00002D02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode NWM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002D03, 0x00002D03, 0x00002D03, 0x00002D03, 0x00002D03, 0x00002D03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode NWM",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002D03, 0x20002D03, 0x20002D03, 0x20002D03, 0x20002D03, 0x20002D03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Sockets",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002E02, 0x00002E02, 0x00002E02, 0x00002E02, 0x00002E02, 0x00002E02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode Sockets",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002E03, 0x00002E03, 0x00002E03, 0x00002E03, 0x00002E03, 0x00002E03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode Sockets",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002E03, 0x20002E03, 0x20002E03, 0x20002E03, 0x20002E03, 0x20002E03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"SSL",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002F02, 0x00002F02, 0x00002F02, 0x00002F02, 0x00002F02, 0x00002F02}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode SSL",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00002F03, 0x00002F03, 0x00002F03, 0x00002F03, 0x00002F03, 0x00002F03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode SSL",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20002F03, 0x20002F03, 0x20002F03, 0x20002F03, 0x20002F03, 0x20002F03}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"PS ( Process Manager )",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003102, 0x00003102, 0x00003102, 0x00003102, 0x00003102, 0x00003102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode PS",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003103, 0x00003103, 0x00003103, 0x00003103, 0x00003103, 0x00003103}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode PS",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20003103, 0x20003103, 0x20003103, 0x20003103, 0x20003103, 0x20003103}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"friends (Friends list)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003202, 0x00003202, 0x00003202, 0x00003202, 0x00003202, 0x00003202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode friends (Friends list)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003203, 0x00003203, 0x00003203, 0x00003203, 0x00003203, 0x00003203}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode friends (Friends list)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20003203, 0x20003203, 0x20003203, 0x20003203, 0x20003203, 0x20003203}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"IR (Infrared)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003302, 0x00003302, 0x00003302, 0x00003302, 0x00003302, 0x00003302}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode IR",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003303, 0x00003303, 0x00003303, 0x00003303, 0x00003303, 0x00003303}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode IR",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20003303, 0x20003303, 0x20003303, 0x20003303, 0x20003303, 0x20003303}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"BOSS (SpotPass)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003402, 0x00003402, 0x00003402, 0x00003402, 0x00003402, 0x00003402}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"News (Notifications)",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003502, 0x00003502, 0x00003502, 0x00003502, 0x00003502, 0x00003502}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"RO",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003702, 0x00003702, 0x00003702, 0x00003702, 0x00003702, 0x00003702}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"act",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00003802, 0x00003802, 0x00003802, 0x00003802, 0x00003802, 0x00003802}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"nfc",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00004002, 0x00004002, 0x00004002, 0x00004002, 0x00004002, 0x00004002}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS mvd",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20004102, 0x20004102, 0x20004102, 0x20004102, 0x20004102, 0x20004102}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS qtm",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20004202, 0x20004202, 0x20004202, 0x20004202, 0x20004202, 0x20004202}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"NS",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008002, 0x00008002, 0x00008002, 0x00008002, 0x00008002, 0x00008002}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"Safe Mode NS",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x00008003, 0x00008003, 0x00008003, 0x00008003, 0x00008003, 0x00008003}},
+      Title::Mode::All},
+     {"New_3DS Safe Mode NS",
+      SYSTEM_MODULE_UPPER_TITLE_ID,
+      {{0x20008003, 0x20008003, 0x20008003, 0x20008003, 0x20008003, 0x20008003}},
+      Title::Mode::All}}};
+
+std::vector<u64> BuildFirmwareTitleList(const Title::Mode& mode, u32 region) {
+    // Since Australia and Europe share the same title,
+    // offset down by one for Australia and above.
+    const u32 region_index = region >= 3 ? region - 1 : region;
+
+    const auto titles_with_mode = [mode, region_index](const Title& title) {
+        return mode <= title.mode && title.lower_title_id[region_index] != 0;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<Title> titles;
+    const auto inserter = std::back_inserter(titles);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_FIRMWARE.begin(), SYSTEM_FIRMWARE.end(), inserter, titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_APPLICATIONS.begin(), SYSTEM_APPLICATIONS.end(), inserter,
+                 titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES.begin(), SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES.end(), inserter,
+                 titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_APPLETS.begin(), SYSTEM_APPLETS.end(), inserter, titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVES.begin(), SHARED_DATA_ARCHIVES.end(), inserter,
+                 titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES_2.begin(), SYSTEM_DATA_ARCHIVES_2.end(), inserter,
+                 titles_with_mode);
+    std::copy_if(SYSTEM_MODULES.begin(), SYSTEM_MODULES.end(), inserter, titles_with_mode);
+
+    const auto get_title_id = [region_index](const Title& title) {
+        return (static_cast<u64>(title.upper_title_id) << 32) +
+               static_cast<u64>(title.lower_title_id[region_index]);
+    };
+
+    std::vector<u64> title_ids;
+    std::transform(titles.begin(), titles.end(), std::back_inserter(title_ids), get_title_id);
+    return title_ids;
+}