This is a compile definition introduced in Qt 4.8 for reducing the total
potential number of strings created when performing string
concatenation. This allows for less memory churn.
This can be read about here:
https://blog.qt.io/blog/2011/06/13/string-concatenation-with-qstringbuilder/
For a change that isn't source-compatible, we only had one occurrence
that actually need to have its type clarified, which is pretty good, as
far as transitioning goes.
This member variable is entirely unused. It was only set but never
actually utilized. Given that, we can remove it to get rid of noise in
the thread interface.
Essentially performs the inverse of svcMapProcessCodeMemory. This unmaps
the aliasing region first, then restores the general traits of the
aliased memory.
What this entails, is:
- Restoring Read/Write permissions to the VMA.
- Restoring its memory state to reflect it as a general heap memory region.
- Clearing the memory attributes on the region.
Uses arithmetic that can be identified more trivially by compilers for
optimizations. e.g. Rather than shifting the halves of the value and
then swapping and combining them, we can swap them in place.
e.g. for the original swap32 code on x86-64, clang 8.0 would generate:
mov ecx, edi
rol cx, 8
shl ecx, 16
shr edi, 16
rol di, 8
movzx eax, di
or eax, ecx
ret
while GCC 8.3 would generate the ideal:
mov eax, edi
bswap eax
ret
now both generate the same optimal output.
MSVC used to generate the following with the old code:
mov eax, ecx
rol cx, 8
shr eax, 16
rol ax, 8
movzx ecx, cx
movzx eax, ax
shl ecx, 16
or eax, ecx
ret 0
Now MSVC also generates a similar, but equally optimal result as clang/GCC:
bswap ecx
mov eax, ecx
ret 0
====
In the swap64 case, for the original code, clang 8.0 would generate:
mov eax, edi
bswap eax
shl rax, 32
shr rdi, 32
bswap edi
or rax, rdi
ret
(almost there, but still missing the mark)
while, again, GCC 8.3 would generate the more ideal:
mov rax, rdi
bswap rax
ret
now clang also generates the optimal sequence for this fallback as well.
This is a case where MSVC unfortunately falls short, despite the new
code, this one still generates a doozy of an output.
mov r8, rcx
mov r9, rcx
mov rax, 71776119061217280
mov rdx, r8
and r9, rax
and edx, 65280
mov rax, rcx
shr rax, 16
or r9, rax
mov rax, rcx
shr r9, 16
mov rcx, 280375465082880
and rax, rcx
mov rcx, 1095216660480
or r9, rax
mov rax, r8
and rax, rcx
shr r9, 16
or r9, rax
mov rcx, r8
mov rax, r8
shr r9, 8
shl rax, 16
and ecx, 16711680
or rdx, rax
mov eax, -16777216
and rax, r8
shl rdx, 16
or rdx, rcx
shl rdx, 16
or rax, rdx
shl rax, 8
or rax, r9
ret 0
which is pretty unfortunate.
This gives us significantly more control over where in the
initialization process we start execution of the main process.
Previously we were running the main process before the CPU or GPU
threads were initialized (not good). This amends execution to start
after all of our threads are properly set up.
Initially required due to the split codepath with how the initial main
process instance was initialized. We used to initialize the process
like:
Init() {
main_process = Process::Create(...);
kernel.MakeCurrentProcess(main_process.get());
}
Load() {
const auto load_result = loader.Load(*kernel.GetCurrentProcess());
if (load_result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
// Handle error here.
}
...
}
which presented a problem.
Setting a created process as the main process would set the page table
for that process as the main page table. This is fine... until we get to
the part that the page table can have its size changed in the Load()
function via NPDM metadata, which can dictate either a 32-bit, 36-bit,
or 39-bit usable address space.
Now that we have full control over the process' creation in load, we can
simply set the initial process as the main process after all the loading
is done, reflecting the potential page table changes without any
special-casing behavior.
We can also remove the cache flushing within LoadModule(), as execution
wouldn't have even begun yet during all usages of this function, now
that we have the initialization order cleaned up.
Now that we have dependencies on the initialization order, we can move
the creation of the main process to a more sensible area: where we
actually load in the executable data.
This allows localizing the creation and loading of the process in one
location, making the initialization of the process much nicer to trace.
Like with CPU emulation, we generally don't want to fire off the threads
immediately after the relevant classes are initialized, we want to do
this after all necessary data is done loading first.
This splits the thread creation into its own interface member function
to allow controlling when these threads in particular get created.
Our initialization process is a little wonky than one would expect when
it comes to code flow. We initialize the CPU last, as opposed to
hardware, where the CPU obviously needs to be first, otherwise nothing
else would work, and we have code that adds checks to get around this.
For example, in the page table setting code, we check to see if the
system is turned on before we even notify the CPU instances of a page
table switch. This results in dead code (at the moment), because the
only time a page table switch will occur is when the system is *not*
running, preventing the emulated CPU instances from being notified of a
page table switch in a convenient manner (technically the code path
could be taken, but we don't emulate the process creation svc handlers
yet).
This moves the threads creation into its own member function of the core
manager and restores a little order (and predictability) to our
initialization process.
Previously, in the multi-threaded cases, we'd kick off several threads
before even the main kernel process was created and ready to execute (gross!).
Now the initialization process is like so:
Initialization:
1. Timers
2. CPU
3. Kernel
4. Filesystem stuff (kind of gross, but can be amended trivially)
5. Applet stuff (ditto in terms of being kind of gross)
6. Main process (will be moved into the loading step in a following
change)
7. Telemetry (this should be initialized last in the future).
8. Services (4 and 5 should ideally be alongside this).
9. GDB (gross. Uses namespace scope state. Needs to be refactored into a
class or booted altogether).
10. Renderer
11. GPU (will also have its threads created in a separate step in a
following change).
Which... isn't *ideal* per-se, however getting rid of the wonky
intertwining of CPU state initialization out of this mix gets rid of
most of the footguns when it comes to our initialization process.
Allows the compiler to inform when the result of a swap function is
being ignored (which is 100% a bug in all usage scenarios). We also mark
them noexcept to allow other functions using them to be able to be
marked as noexcept and play nicely with things that potentially inspect
"nothrowability".
Including every OS' own built-in byte swapping functions is kind of
undesirable, since it adds yet another build path to ensure compilation
succeeds on.
Given we only support clang, GCC, and MSVC for the time being, we can
utilize their built-in functions directly instead of going through the
OS's API functions.
This shrinks the overall code down to just
if (msvc)
use msvc's functions
else if (clang or gcc)
use clang/gcc's builtins
else
use the slow path
The template type here is actually a forwarding reference, not an rvalue
reference in this case, so it's more appropriate to use std::forward to
preserve the value category of the type being moved.
Some objects declare their handle type as const, while others declare it
as constexpr. This makes the const ones constexpr for consistency, and
prevent unexpected compilation errors if these happen to be attempted to be
used within a constexpr context.
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